Intorduction to Marketing (Report on The National Trust charity Assignment

Intorduction to Marketing (Report on The National Trust charity - Assignment Example The Targeted Audience 7 2.1.3.0 Promotion Activities 7 2.1.3.1. Personal Selling 8 2.1.3.2 Sales Promotion 8 2.1.3.3. Public Relations (PR). 9 2.1.3.4. Direct Mail 9 2.1.3.5. Trade Fairs and Exhibitions 9 2.1.3.6. Advertising 9 2.1.3.7. Sponsorship 10 3.0. Environmental Factors 10 3. 1) Outline what the environmental factors are and explain why marketers in all organisations should monitor these external factors. 10 3.2) Which of these environmental factors might influence your chosen organisation’s (the charity) marketing mix, and in which ways? 11 Competitors 11 Economy 11 Government 11 4.0. Marketing Plan 12 4. 1. Using a current marketing text book, outline (you may use a diagram) what a marketing plan is comprised of, and why it is useful for all companies to use marketing plans. 12 4.0. Conclusion 13 5.0. Bibliography 14 Introduction to Marketing (Report on The National Trust charity) Executive Summary The National Trust Charity is an organization that incorporates both paid staff and volunteers. However, since it is an organization it joins other ordinary organizations in their quest for success. This report is written with regards to different aspects of the report on the National Trust Charity. ... In this regard the introduction will provide both the full time and the volunteers working in this organization. The second part of the report will entail an analysis of the marketing mix. There is a comprehensive outline of the marketing mix of the National Trust Charity that also considers the differences that will apply in an ideal organization. Here, the report will consider the purpose of the charity, target audiences, promotion activities and place. The third part of the report entails the evaluation of the organizational environmental factors with an explanation on the reason as to why marketers in all organizations should monitor the external environmental factors and to determine which of the environmental factors have the capacity to affect the charity marketing mix and the manner of their influence. The last bit of the report will incorporate the elements of a market plan and their importance in any organization before a comprehensive conclusion. 1. Give the name of the or ganisation, state where it is based and an outline of the focus of its activities. Highlight if it has a mission statement. Also, give a brief history of the organisation and a brief overview of the staff that it has. (Full time and volunteers?) 1.0 Introduction The National Trust Charity is an organization that focuses on conservation. The organization is based in England and due to its massive impact, it operate in Northern Ireland and also whales. Since the organization’s intention is to enhance conservation, the organization has geared all its efforts towards the conservation activities. It goes without say that the contemporary issues in conservation are becoming complex and this

Evaluating Civil Engineering in Modern Day Technology as a Career Path Research Paper

Evaluating Civil Engineering in Modern Day Technology as a Career Path - Research Paper Example Civil engineers are analytical thinkers and are more comfortable dealing with concrete facts. When presented with a problem, they like to solve it. I have selected Civil engineering because of its importance in the everyday life and the solutions it gives to the various problems being faced by human beings on Earth which have originated due to the scarcity of resources. Selecting Civil engineering as a profession directly influences the every day life of individuals as the impacts of the environmental issues, the problems due to rapid urbanization and limited resources are equally evident to each and every individual of the society and every individual of the society is equally responsible for solving these issues however, a Civil engineer is in a much better position to propose solutions to these problems and thus he can become an effective member of the society. After selecting this profession an individual does not remain a mere spectator of the problems faced by mankind but can t hink about various different solution available to solve the issues resulting in a remarkable change in the everyday life of the individual who selects civil engineering as a profession. ... For example, only a Civil engineer can think about recycling waste water in Qatar as a solution to water scarcity, a Civil engineer can propose the mechanism to make earthquake resistant buildings in Tokyo, a Civil engineer can propose the mechanism to limit the discharge from industries to conserve air quality in Bombay, a Civil engineer can propose the use of micro-hydro potential of waters in China as a solution to energy crisis, a Civil engineer can propose damping mechanism to limit the vibrations of Millennium bridge in London; in short a Civil engineer sees things differently from other individuals of the society and can provide solutions to the problems which are affecting the everyday life of human beings. Civil engineers design facilities to improve the quality of life of people in the whole world. The various tasks which civil engineers do for improving the quality of life include designing and construction of railways, roadways and bridges to ease traffic congestion, meet ing the increasing energy needs of the world through providing various new non-conventional solutions for power generation and the planning and development of urban areas; all these works are related to the everyday life of individuals living on this planet. Goals and Objectives for a Civil Engineer Civil engineering is a very vast field and has many sub-disciplines as well as interdisciplinary fields. Studying Civil engineering at undergraduate level will allow me to get an understanding of the various sub-disciplines of this field and thus after studying the civil engineering for a few years I will be in a better position to specify my goals and objectives.

Affect and Open Shale Rock Essay Example for Free

Affect and Open Shale Rock Essay The past few days in class we have been learning about the process of fracking and how it is either harmful, or useful to our nation. There are numerous arguments for both sides that specify pros and cons for fracking and if fracking should be legal to operate. Fracking is known as hydraulic fracturing with the use of sand, water, and chemicals that are injected at high pressures to blast open shale rock and release the trapped gas inside. The process of fracking starts with drilling a hole deep in the earth’s surface until it reaches natural gas. From there they can start the operation and retrieve the natural gas. Oil and gas companies that use fracking state that it is very safe and does not harm the environment. On the other hand fracking has been reported to cause risks to air, land, water, wildlife, and communities by other sources, rather than the oil and gas companies. According to Josh Fox a journalist who directed â€Å"Gasland† a 2010 documentary found that fracking is making people sick, contaminating water, and affecting wildlife. Yes, fracking can have some positive aspects, but the cons out way the pros drastically. Fracking is bad for our environment and can harm many individuals near fracking sites, or affect their land, and animals. Therefore, regulations and safety should be improved for fracking to stop all the negative aspects from happening, or ban fracking as a whole. Families near fracking zones have terrible headaches and even very serious sicknesses ever since the fracking started. Fracking uses more than 596 chemicals which are released into the ground through a pipe. Drilling can intersect with underground water which would mix the 596 chemicals with that causing contaminated water. Households are affected by this because their water comes out multicolored ranging from musky grey to black. At some Houses Josh Fox visited they were able to set their water on fire. In the documentary he used a lot of emotional appeal to show how hard families are being affected by this tragic event, and shows how tough getting through a day is becoming without getting some type of sickness. Fracking also affects wildlife and land by contaminating water streams and the soil animals live on. In one scene of â€Å"Gasland† Josh Fox went to a ladies house where she had collected dead animals around her land. These animals were not present until the fracking started, and then after that they just started falling dead. There were other cases of people going into streams or even using their own house water that gave them sores, and harsh rashes throughout their body. In the documentary this showed a very effective way of getting people attention and underlining how important this is. In the other documentary â€Å"Fracknation† directed by Phelim McAleer he shows why fracking is important and how it is safe for our environment. The only positive aspect of fracking is it would help our nation out a ton with gas, lower prices drastically, and we would be the leading natural gas supplier in the world. This documentary didn’t really catch my attention that much because why would all these cases of sicknesses and contaminated water pop up right when fracking became big. If fracking became safe and didn’t harm anything in the environment then it would be the greatest idea ever invented. Coming up with new regulations to improve fracking and make it 100 percent safe would be the only reason I would accept the concept of fracking. As of right now fracking is very harmful to many, and the chemicals used are being released in the atmosphere, and in the soil which is contaminating many things and affecting the quality of the air. Fracking is not safe for anyone or anything located near a fracking zone.

Strategic Development of Starbucks

Strategic Development of Starbucks STARBUCKS INTRODUCTION The Starbucks coffee company was founded in the year 1971. The starbucks headquarter is situated in Seattle, Washington (USA) Starbucks operates a chain of branded coffee shops in around more than 35 countries of the world. The outlets offer hot and cold coffee drinks and few food items such as beans, coffee accessories and teas. The Starbucks owns 7100 of outlets which located more than 10 countries but most of the stores situated in USA. The major process of enlargement of starbucks started from 1982 when Howard Schultz joined the company in order to see the marketing and the retailing activities. Since then Starbucks has evolved from a modest $0.5 million business to a whopping $6.4 billion of turnover. In this assignment the time frame of 5-25 years and analyze development of Starbucks along with strategies applied and the present scenario of the organization with the help of Porters five competitive forces, SWOT analysis and value chain analysis. The future recommendations to Starbucks would also be included in this assignment. 1 ANALYSIS OF THE PAST THE STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE STARBUCKS In 1971 Starbucks was settle in Seattle (USA) In 1984 Mr. Howard Schultz join Starbucks to boost up marketing and retailing Starbucks acquire 5 stores in San Franciscos peet coffee and Tea chain in 1984 In 1985 Starbucks start the espresso bar concept in their store In 1986 Schultz left Starbucks In 1987 Starbucks expands in the American market by starting its outlets in British Columbia and Chicago In 1992 Starbucks get listed with its first public stock offering with 165 business comprise outlets In 1996 Starbucks open its branch in Tokyo (JAPAN) In 2003 Starbucks continues to open branches all over the world and reached 6400 0utlets worldwide In 2008 the global recession hits Starbucks badly, due loss in business Starbucks shuts 600 outlets all over the world In 2009 Starbucks released a public long-term growth strategy that included meeting customer need for quality and value as key goal 1.2 THE STRATEGIES APPLIED BY STARBUCKS Integrate horizontally Starbucks has gone for acquisition of a large number of companies in abroad market, and expanded their outlets whole over the world. This strategy gave Starbucks a chance to reach customers whole over the world. For instance Starbucks acquired Seattles Best, Torrefazione Italia and Coffee People. Penetrate the market To increase the market share, Starbucks has differentiated itself in providing a unique experience to its customers by giving specific themes in stores. The product mix consists of different beverages to suit peoples needs. Starbucks have also tied up boost up company profitability with other beverage companies such as Pepsi co and Kraft food. Developing the market Starbucks has developed the market for specialty coffee industry for America. In this context, Starbucks has created brand awareness and demand for coffee stores amongst American population. This is enabled by better market penetration through apt store locations and standardized services offered all through the world. Diversification strategy To gain higher market share, Starbucks has provided a diversified product mix. To move forward starbucks produced new product linked with beverage business. This strategy helps Starbucks to grow both on the base of the operations and overall proportion of services. They have developed unique products and at the same time acquired companies like Ethos water. The product differentiation has been its core competence all through since its inception. Alliances strategy The Starbucks also applied alliance strategy to became player in the leisure and service industry, and not only a specialty restaurant business, Starbucks has tied up with companies like i-Tunes to create the Hear Music campaign and XM Studios to offer customized music services for Starbucks customer, which has helped Starbucks to attain a level of niche over a period of time where even the nations where its presence is still at a nascent stage. CSR strategy Starbucks have also applied the CSR strategy to enhance the brand image and they also funded non-governmental organization to improve the level of literacy amongst the educationally backward communities. Starbucks also run the Green Store campaign to reduce the usage of paper cups. A 10% discount was given to customers who brought their own mugs to the store. Its latest campaign of Fair- trade coffee has spread on a subtle yet widespread manner. 1.3 CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR STARBUCKS The important factors that helped Starbucks to associate with success in the initial years of its operations are as follows: Market Research The factor market research helps Starbucks to apply the strategy to move forward their business through expansion. In year 1980 Starbucks expanded to Chicago. This helped management to learn how to expand business over the country. In the years 1991 Starbucks moved to California. This was a major strategic decision that came in after a lot of market research. Employee Motivation and Rewards One of the major success factors of Starbucks has been its employee motivation and giving time to time performance base incentives. One of the major steps taken by Starbucks to retain their employees was to increase the health and safety benefits for employees who worked more than twenty hours in a week. The top management to select the right employee for the right job in the store in order to reduce employee turnover ratio. First Movers Advantage In the year 1987 under the supervision of Howard Schultz Starbucks open 150 store in the first 5 years. Being the only player in the market Starbucks profits were huge enough to allow them invest in their expansion plans all over the world. Catalogue Retailing In the early years of the companys operations, Starbucks started the process of catalogue retailing. This played a major role in determining the location of stores for Starbucks. Starbucks had a catalogue which comprised of a range of packed coffee beans with their prices. Consumers from along the world ordered them and looking at the zonal preferences the store locations were decided. 2. ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT SCENARIO AS starbucks is a popular coffee company so we look at a scenario of the period around 2008 and 2009. In this section we will look at the strategies of Starbucks through SWOT analysis, Porters 5 forces analysis 2.1 SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTHS Strong Brand Image Starbucks has been ranked amongst the top 100 brands in the world consistently over the last ten years. Innovative marketing strategies and its cost effective campaigns Starbucks have created brand awareness among the American population. High visibility of store in the market helps Starbucks to attract more customers and make company more profitable. Starbucks has maintained a high level of service through which it has achieved a consistent level of customer satisfaction with strong relationship with its supplier. The global presence of the Starbucks with quality based services of food and beverage, at the same time entertained their customer with music and internet in their stores. Starbucks is applying the innovative strategy to provide unique themes in their store to make their customer loyal to brand. One of the strong strength of Starbuck is his CEO Mr. Howard Schultz. Due to efficient HRM strategy to motivate and time to time performance based incentive and giving proper training to staff according to job specification. WEAKNESSES The one of the weakness of Starbucks is lack of internal focus and too much think to expand their business. Increasing number of the competitor in the growing market such as Dunkin Donuts, Nestle and Tim Horton (Bramhall). The dependency of Starbucks in US market, Starbucks company earn its more than 70% of revenue only from the US market however they have presence more 35 country in the world and market cannibalization. The weak financial position in the market due to the recent global recession in the 2008. Starbucks has loss in the share price and they have shut more than 600 stores. OPPORTUNITIES The continuously expand their store globally with expansion into the retail market and advancement of technology by using different kind of coffee machine in their store. Emerging international market specially BRIC nation Brazil, Russia India and China to plan to expand in these countries. Starbucks also continue to expand in the rural area of US and also segment the high populated area of the city. Brand expansion through selling T- shirt and coffee mug to their customer in their store on discounted rates. THREATS Competition in the market (restaurant, street cart, supermarket, other competitor such as McDonalds and Dunkin Donuts. The chain such as Dunkin Donuts and McDonalds do not serve coffee is a core product but they give food as well to their customer in cheap prices than Starbucks. US market saturation and coffee prices volatility in developing coffee producing country such as Brazil, India etc. US consumer trends towards more health ways and away from caffeine. The current economic recession is a major threat for Starbucks since they had to close down a large number of stores around 600 stores leading to declining profits and large level of unemployment. Large size of the Starbucks Corporation cause in decrease in quality of customer services. 2.2 STARBUCKS VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS All firms consists of activities that links together to develop the value of business, Starbuck main activity includes in the value chain human resource management, marketing and retailing operations. In this section of assignment the value chain can be used to analyze the different competencies of Starbucks and then competencies will be discussed in later section. The core competencies of the Starbucks lie in its human resource management, marketing and retailing activities. Infrastructure In this activity includes planning of store locations, controlling such as financing, accounting and corporate strategy etc (lynch 2003). Human Resource Management Due to the global expansion the Starbucks faces a lot of problems in the management human resources. Starbucks have faced the problem of high level of employee turnover, but deploying right human resource still remains one of their key competencies. The company still believes that employees are its biggest assets. Starbucks continues to maintain a high level of corporate culture due to above industry standard employee benefit plans and employee stock exchange and ownership plans. Procurement The procurement relates to purchasing the material that is necessary for Starbucks. Efficient procurement of the starbucks is about buying highest quality coffee on lowest prices form developing countries. Marketing Marketing of Starbucks play a vital role to boost up profitability globally as Starbucks is strong coffee brand. Most of the advertising campaigns include, online advertising and store advertising. Retail Sales Starbucks is mainly focus on store retailing around 80% Starbucks sales come from store sales. Consistent upgradation of service levels by hiring the right people for right job in store through efficient HRM practices. 2.3 ANALYSIS OF THE STARBUCKS USING PORTERS FIVE FORCES MODEL COMPETITIVE RIVALRY The Starbuck faces strong competition from small domestic coffee players and large competitors in the market. The high price factor leads to decrease in sales compared to other coffee player all over the world. BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS The overcrowded market of the US is the main cause of to increase the barraging power of supplier because most of the farmers growing coffee beans are now united together to sell coffee beans. They started certified coffee beans through the fair trade policy in the US. BARGAINING POWER OF CUSTOMER High pricing is the main reason for decrease in sales. The low switching cost in the industry plays a negative factor to the companys growth by increasing the bargaining power of buyer. THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS The specialty coffee industry does not put a high premium on economies of scale. Most players in the specialty coffee industry have developed their own distribution channels in their own countries, thereby gaining greater economies of scale and reducing cost. The low cost imposes an entry barrier for new players who want to set up an international chain, thus reducing their threat. The high differentiation within the specialty coffee industry made possible to establish brand that could act as barrier to entry. The specialty coffee retail store may switch high cost to new player, cost such as ambience and skilled employee in the store giving complimentary drink or any food to make customer loyalty. Therefore it may become difficult for new player to set business in the specialty coffee. So threats from the new entrants relatively low. THREAT OF SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS The primary substitutes to the specialty coffee company such as Starbucks from the beverage companies make caffeinated soft drinks such as Pepsi and Coca Cola, which has the caffeine inherent in the specialty coffee; at significantly lower prices.(Quelch 2006) The tea is also a substitutes in some country such as UK, the English people like different kind of tea instead of coffee 2.4 FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF STARBUCKS In year 2008 Starbucks hit by the loss in share prices because of world economic recession and net income down by 70% and the figure 1.4 show that how badly Starbucks affected in the world economic recession hence the chairmen announce the report of decline share prices to $ 9.33 of Starbucks Corporation. Starbucks is well positioned company to challenge any economic recession with strong cash flow and solid balance sheet. The year 2008 strongly hurt Starbucks with shutting down 600 store, loss of 6700 job and $ 500mn operating cost saving for 2009. Mr. Schultz cut in their salary $1.2mn to $ 10000. Here in the figure 2.5 show that clearly result operation with the information of net revenue, balance sheet of between 2004-08 and also shown that the stores information in the percentage and store opened in the between 2004-08. 2.5 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF STARBUCKS CORPORATION Finance Marketing CEO Howard Schultz HOW Deputy Legal Compliance CFO Administrator Board of Directors Global Coffee Procurement Legal Global Logistic Supply Chain Operation Partner Resource (Hr) Us Retail, Human Resource Development Greater China Public Affairs International Development Consumer Food Services Consumer insight Support US development Global beverages Global Development Marketing Seattle Best Coffee France International EMEA Retail Japan China Starbucks Coffee Us Asia pacific CIO And Digital Ventures North East/Atlantic North West / Mountain South East/ plain Western Pacific 3. FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS Strategic future recommendation to overcome from the declining profits of the Starbucks would be mentioned below. 3.1 EXPAND INTERNATIONALLY Expand internationally is one of major strategy starbucks has applied to become most profitable specialty coffee company. The one of the major problem Starbucks face continuous declined in the sale of in stores. The main reason for this is Starbucks is self cannibalizing its own business in the United States. Cannibalization is the negative impact of a companys new product on the sales performance ofÂÂ  its existing related products. Therefore Starbucks should focus more on opening stores in growing economies such as BRICK nation where the product purchase power is high among the people of India and the Middle Eastern countries, Brazil and Russia rather than on just concentrating on US market. Starbucks should have to think about international expansion primarily for two reasons. The first reason being that because many developing economies lack the penetration of specialty coffee chains. For many countries Starbucks can adopt the Market Development strategy to strengthen their brand, gain more market share and minimize their risks. Second reason for international expansion is that, migrating to different countries would give Starbucks a chance for product innovation. For example Tazo tea was first tested and tried in the Japanese market and then it was introduced in US market. 3.2 FRANCHISING Starbucks should have concentrate on the franchising model like McDonalds is doing in to expand whole over the world. Most of the Starbucks stores are company owned company operated stores. This strategy is good but not good to survive long term profitability this increases the cost of control, it he case of franchising they can minimize control and concentrate more on building up their quality and maintain their high brand image, something similar to what McDonalds, pizza hut and Dominos have done over the years in US market and globally. The practice of expansion through franchising would also help Starbucks in entering potential markets such as India and speared in the Middle East country. In India, the foreign direct investment (FDI) restrictions allow only 49% investment of paid up capital by any foreign retailer. This restriction is playing a major role in Starbucks entry to the country. Franchising would allow Starbucks overcome such problems. 3.3 INTRODUCE LOYALTY CARDS To make any company profitable the loyalty of customer may plays a vital for the Starbucks. It has been observe Howard Schultz has envisioned selling coffee at a lower price in order to attract new customers. According to my view the overall price cut would tarnish Starbucks brand image in the eyes of the loyal customers, who have been committed with the company due to strong brand image. However the price cutting policy should not be left away completely. It should be practice at certain places where the demographic income is low, in other places discount should be introduced customer loyalty card and point reward system for instance retail companies Tesco, Sainsbury, and Mark Spencer. With every purchase made at a Starbucks store points will be added to the customers loyalty cards. The customers will have schemes to redeem these points at specific time to get price discounts or extra quantity of product. 3.4 CORPORATE THEME STORES Starbucks can come up with a new theme of stores which is the corporate theme stores specially to keep in mind corporate people. In this theme, Starbucks should remodel store to keep in mind the interest of corporate people. Starbucks store should have to be situated in the commercial business places such as Westminster, Holborn in London and if look at the US Manhattan in New York. The facility should include free Wi-Fi internet, corporate business Magazine and financial times Newspaper availability in the morning. There should be any specific area in stores for corporate meeting to make extra revenue for the company. 3.5 LEISURE THEME STORES Starbucks should also have stores with leisure theme that should have a comfortable and lively ambience that encourages people to come to the stores for a peaceful time. These stores should have facilities such as soft music, instant digital photography for taking snaps and arranging get-togethers like parties and official meetings. Many pubs and bars have pictures of their regular customers and special events. Similarly, Starbucks can also have a wall dedicated to pictures of local customers or memorable events in the store. This will help Starbucks to maintain a close relationship with its customers and will attract potential customers. 3.6 CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT OF THEIR PROCESSES A recent survey conducted in the year 2008 showed that people prefer more of McDonalds coffee than Starbucks. Starbucks recently has failed to deliver newer exotic range of flavours. Variety is missing in their menu. Hence from time to time the company must review its coffee making process and consider renovating their equipments and technology from time to time. 3.7 EMPLOYEE TRAINING AND MOTIVATION The most important asset for any company is their employees, as Starbucks is expand already in more 35 countries in whole over the world with strong brand name; with the closure of large number of stores and lay off of over 6000 staffs, Starbucks have lost a considerable amount of its employees. So to keep in mind the starbucks should have review on their recruitment processes and give them proper training regarding to their work area. For the job satisfaction and to motivate team member company should have give performance based incentive and paid holidays. It should hence now identify new leaders for the future, from the existing sales team members. The company should have give the chance of cross training in other department of the company and according to the performance company should have to give internal job promotion. 3.8 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) For food and beverage company should also have to keep in mind environmental issue and minimize wait. Now days all service company are using Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as strategy and its work for brand awareness among domestic people. Starbucks should also invest more in developing products and services that are more eco friendly and would also enhance the companys brand image. For instance they should use porcelain and glass mugs in the stores rather than paper cups. This would minimize the usage of paper. Also they should encourage customers to use recycle bins in stores that would allow recycling of food waste. REFERENCES Larson.C.Ryan; 17/4/2008; Starbucks a Strategic Analysis Anders, George, Starbucks brews a new strategy; Fast Company; July 2001; Issue 49:144. Datamonitor Report Starbucks Corporation, May 2006; www.datamonitor.com Adamy, J. (2007, November 15), At Starbucks, Too Many, Too Quick, Wall Street Journal. 2008, January 7 McDonalds takes on Starbucks; http://online.wsj.com/article/sb119967000012871311.html 2008, February 22; Starbucks Cuts 600 positions, http://online.wsj.com/article/sb120362397558983703.html http://www.starbucks.com

Energy Self-Sufficiency in Building through Photovoltaic Cells Essays

Energy Self-Sufficiency in Building through Photovoltaic Cells ABSTRACT Solar energy is a way to acquire self-sufficiency of many residential buildings. The different forms of solar cells made from different materials and in different ways are able to increase the efficiency of the solar cells and allow solar energy to become more widespread. Due to the possibility of a shortage of fossil fuels in the near future, solar power can serve as an integral component in solving the energy crisis through developing energy self-sufficient buildings. However, after researching many already published materials, the possibility of allowing the world's buildings to become self-sufficient is not possible unless other solar cells become affordable for the general public and more efficient. INTRODUCTION The world is entering an energy crisis that will require the need for new energy sources. Some predict that at the current rate of consumption, the dominant energy source, fossil fuels, will deplete by the year 2050 (EcoSystems 2005). As of 2001, the world consumed 426.1 billion gigajoules; the United States consumed 102.1 billion gigajoules that same year, the most energy consumption in a single country (see Table 1). Of the energy consumed in the United States, only 0.063% was solar power (Energy Information Administration 2001). However, solar energy has great potential. The sun radiates through the earth’s atmosphere enough energy in one hour to power the earth for more than a year (Solarbuzz 2004). Moreover, solar collectors can harness this energy in a clean and environmentally safe method. Many collectors use photovoltaic cells, devices based on the photovoltaic effect, in which solar energy changes to electri... ...Research News. Retrieved 7/29/05 from http://www.lbl.gov/Science- Articles/Archive/MSD-full-spectrum-solar-cell.html Sandia Labs Working on Solar Power Farm (November 2004), Deseret News Publishing Company, Retrieved 8/2/05 from http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,595107883,00.html Scheer, H., A Solar Manifesto, UK: Cromwell Press, 1993 Photovoltaic Cells 16 Solar Cell. (2005). Wikipedia – The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 7/28/05 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell Solar Energy Costs/Prices (2005). Solarbuzz. Retrieved 7/29/05 from http://www.solarbuzz.com/StatsCosts.htm World Energy Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Emissions, 1990- 2025 (2005). Infoplease. Retrieved 7/28/05 from http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0776146.html Walker, E. (2004). Solar Cell Principles and Applications. Retrieved 7/29/05 from http://reslab.com.au/resfiles/pv/text.html

Rhetoric in Violence as Entertainment by Folisi Essay -- videogames, cr

It is shocking to believe that just because you like videogames and crime shows you are a bad person. This article is one in which talks about people being obsess with violences. What would happen if just because you went to a story and got the the latest Grand Theft Auto videogame people would run for the hill and accuse you of being crazy.In this artical we are given the idea that if a person liked violent video games, and crime shows, then the person is up to no good.In his article, Violence as Entertainment, Folisi employs a variety of rhetorical devices to divert the reader's attention away from his lack of empirical evidence. The most effective of these devices is the use of multiple tones. To a lesser degree, Folisi also uses anecdotal evidence. This works directly against the author's goals, exposing the weaknesses in his arguments.Folisi alternates between authoritative and speculative tones throughout the article. This is utilized in several different ways. First, Folisi is able to pass off many of his assumptions as fact. The topic sentences of many paragraphs start with words such as ‘we’ and ‘our’, projecting the author’s personal thoughts and experiences out onto the rest of his audience. In this way, personal observations are subtly transformed into global assumptions. Consider for example the following excerpt: The fact is, these kinds of news stories fascinate us. But why? Does life in a modern technological world breed individuals who are more criminally incited or inclined? Is it somehow more difficult for us to cope with our lives, with our basic instincts and needs, in societies which are cut off from nature? Through disconnecting and dividing us from our true instinctual inner nature, has modern technologi... ...ts and outcasts, maladjusted in schools and in society at large.† Because he is so eager to apply rhetoric from every possible angle, Folisi accidentally provides a counterargument to everything he has said. This goes unaddressed, as the author fails to recognize what he has done. As a result, the reader is left to question the article, possibly more than they would have had no argument been given at all. In all, Folisi has a strong rhetoric but his lack of practical evidence illuminates the shortcomings in his argument. Additionally, his attempt at using pathos to emotionally engage the reader ultimately flounders and in fact works against him. To make his argument stronger, Folisi desperately needs to rethink his use of pathos and develop stronger evidence. In conclusion readers will be able to expand their thinking and ideas about why people commit crimes.

Review of Russia’s Wasteful Attitude towards Oil Reserves

Russia has a high potency for energy copiousness do to its resource rich land. Russia is one of the most uneconomical manufacturers of energy due to misdirection of resources. This is partly because of the fact that Russia is so big that its public assumes that there will ever be more oil to detect, so Russia is non efficient with what it has. This feature of Russia comes from the political orientation of monetary value relationships formed during Russia’s communist yesteryear. The Communist era’s leaders set their precedences on supplying the Soviet with military-industrial complex with inexpensive energy and natural stuffs, ( Goldman ) . This was done to maintain monetary values low to increase economic growing. The job is that these patterns are still portion of the substructure of Russia today. Russia’s ruin was that it had about excessively many resources that attracted corruptness. Right after the Bolshevik Revolution Lenin determined that Russia’s e conomic growing would be dependent on its ain energy potency. Lenin’s attempts went to make the State Electricity Development plan. This plan finally included oil and gas. Separate ministries within the plan led to direct the production and pricing of Russia’s energy and energy resources. This made the Soviet successful with energy, even to the point of catching the US by agencies of bring forthing crude oil in the 1970’s. This was one of the ruins to subsequently Russia. When Russia was bring forthing that much crude oil it made it harder for future production. One of the instances is that they used excessively much H2O injection which caused an addition in oil extraction, but created long term harm to Wellss that finally limited productiveness. This short term believing made Russia utilize up its huge resources, and will subsequently do jobs for the Russian economic system. Russia has ever been defined by its landscape every bit much as by its political orientation and its people. You can non command what is under your undersoil, but Russia is lucky plenty to hold tonss of oil. This will impact many of the picks its leaders have made. Oil makes up approximately 20 per centum of Russia ‘s economic system, 55 per centum of its export net incomes, and 40 per centum of its entire revenue enhancement grosss, ( Naim, Moises ) . In 2004 Russia had a 3rd of the world’s gas militias and was the 2nd largest oil exporter next to Saudi Arabia. Europe is dependent on this since they get a tierce of their oil from Russia. Russia’s high dependance on oil has led it to hold many of the features of a Petro-state. Think of an oil rich state, many are in the in-between E with some being in South America or Africa. Take Venezuela or a two-channel typical Middle Eastern state for an illustration. These states typically have weak establishments, a neglect ing public service, and the wealth is in a high concentration with the general public being in poorness. Russia has many of these features but non as extreme. The general populace of Russia is angered by the hapless per centum of the nation’s money from oil and widespread poorness. The job with a state being a Petro-state is that while it makes good gross, the money is in the custodies of those involved and people outside of the oil concern do non profit much at all. The ground for the bead of Russia’s laterality of oil in 2004 is from the new oil engineering that other states have developed. In the 1990’s Russia made inventions in geographic expedition and boring that brought oil Fieldss into production that had non been bring forthing before. The Middle East is non about as stable which has led many companies to turn to Russia for concern. When a state with weak cheques and balances is flooded with gross from crude oil, a petro province is created. If the stat e is strongly democratic with a good populace sector so oil money will non interrupt the economic system such as the US. Petroleum money mixed with hapless public establishments created poorness and corruptness. States with high dependance on oil exports end up with a jobless, volatile economic growing. Crude oil creates money in exports but does non make many occupations which is the ground for the hapless distribution of wealth. There has non been a recorded Petro-state that has turned oil into prosperity for the bulk of its public. While Russia is so dependent on oil, merely two million of its 67 million workers are employed in the oil and gas industry. This big independency on oil causes Russia’s economic system to fluctuate with the monetary value of oil, normally known as roar flop rhythm. When making good the economic system will din, but it ever finally busts. Russia gets over half of its revenue enhancement grosss from the top 10 largest companies. This is two-channe l typical of a Petro-state, which usually has a narrow revenue enhancement base. This causes corrupt authorities thanks to the concentration of revenue enhancement money in a few big companies. Since the companies make up a big per centum of the revenue enhancement gross, they have a larger pull in who gets elected. Guess who they want to acquire elected? They want whoever will profit the company more. This farther causes a larger difference in the spread of wealth because of big companies keeping on to the money and commanding the economic system. The job with nationalising the oil industry is that it causes province owned companies to pervert and command politicization and they can sabotage weak public establishments. Privatizing can besides be a job without a strong ordinances on its revenue enhancements. If this is non done a monopoly could interrupt out which would do greater jobs. Russia is fortunate that it has non yet go a complete Petro-state as of yet. It has a diverse eco nomic system, although mostly dependent on oil, but it could be of usage to follow a strong democracy to assist with its political failing. Russia’s economic system is non known for being stable and strong. If this was non bad plenty, the bead in the monetary value of oil is endangering Russia into a recession. The monetary value of rough oil reached its lowest point in four twelvemonth in October of 2014 ( Arutunyan 1 ) . There is a opportunity that Russia, who gets half of its gross Petroleum based exports, would lose one million millions due to the dropping rough oil monetary value, ( Arutunyan 1 ) . Russia’s economic system is so depended on oil that a mere five dollar loss per barrel of rough oil would be Russia six billion dollars per twelvemonth in lost gross. The heavy monetary value of oil has caused Russia’s exchange rate to other currencies to drop by 20 per centum in the past twelvemonth. A good part of Russia’s economic problems have been caused by Western countenances over Russia’s engagement with Ukraine, and ended up in countenances stoping Western funding assisting Russ ian companies, ( Arutunyan 1 ) . This might look like merely Russia is in problem, but due Russia’s economic dealingss with other states, the neglecting economic system could hold planetary effects. If Russia’s recognition goes down it could impact states in Europe and Asia that on a regular basis trade and rely on its economic stableness. This would be kindred to if China were to get down bear downing 50 per centum more for the goods it trades to America, so America would be in economic problem due to the fact that the US relies to a great extent upon China for its commerce. In the state of affairs of Russia, it is the world’s 8th largest economic system, so many other states depend upon it. If rough oil monetary values would drop to the point that oil dependant Russia goes into a recession, so a better portion of two continents would besides travel into recession. Russia usually exports in dollars and spends money in its ain currency, rubles. This means that the take downing value of ruble’s causes more rubles for every dollar received in oil gross, ( Arutunyan 1 ) . â€Å" This twelvemonth, ( 2014 ) , we have made more than 1.5 trillion rubles ( $ 36.5 billion ) on the ruble ‘s devaluation, † ( Orlova ) . This consequence is non all good though, if the monetary value of oil does non lift the buffer will run out. â€Å" If oil monetary value continues to fall at the same rate, the negative consequence for the GDP will increase, If oil falls to $ 75 per barrel, we could lose up to 3 % of economic growing. That would slightly intensify the recession that ‘s about to acquire underway. † Alexander Golovtsov main analyst at Moscow’s UralSib Asset Management. Soviet union does hold clip to retrieve nevertheless, because of its big Reserve and National Welfare Fund. This will purchase clip for about another two old ages for the oil monetary values to come back up. There would be effects for utilizing modesty financess, one of them being holding to cut military disbursement.